According to the IPCC, adaptation refers to the adjustments made in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate stimuli or their effects, in order to reduce harm or take advantage of potential beneficial opportunities.

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In the context of climate change, adaptation involves making changes to processes, infrastructure and behaviors to cope with and reduce the negative impacts of climate change, while also taking advantage of any positive effects. This can include anticipatory and reactive measures of adaptation, as well as efforts that are private or public and autonomous or planned.